Hi!
Does your ADSR module's LED flash on and off with each note If not, it's a problem getting the gate signal to it. If it does flash, it's a problem getting its output to the VCA. Then it's a step closer to troubleshooting it...
Although really you should use an A-131, not an A-130, for audio signals... but it should still work with an A-131, just not as well. (Our ears are exponential, not linear.)
The basic patch you're after: A-190-2's gate out to A-140's gate in; A-190-2's CV note output to A-100 VCO's CV1 in; any of the A-100's bottom four audio outputs to A-130 audio in 1; A-140's output (either; they're the same... but *not* the inverse output) to the VCA's CV1 input; A-130's audio out to a breakout box, sound card, sound recorder, or whatever.
Play a few notes. If the A-140 blinks on and off, at least the gate signal is getting to it.
Fiddle around with the A-130's "out" knob. You want it to be loud enough to hear, but not so loud it'll clip or break your speakers or fry your sound card or anything.
Try turning the gain up on the A-130. This should let you hear the oscillator constantly, even if you're not playing notes. It's just keep on playing whatever the last note was, forever.
So try the patch, and if it doesn't work, try the other things to see if they work. This will help you work out what's to blame.
Once you've got this working, try unplugging the gate and pitch parts, and do that on the bus instead, but let's try one thing at a time. :) Checking it works at all comes before making it more convenient.
Don't feel stupid, and do take your time. I've spent a few minutes troubleshooting a patch once to find out I didn't have the thing turned on! (The A-190-3 plugged into a computer's USB port makes everything half light up, so it wasn't obvious that I had it all turned off.) More recently, I spent what felt like about an hour troubleshooting a patch, to have my girlfriend tell me I was monitoring everything in both the breakout box directly and also software, giving the false impression that everything was triggering twice. My point being that this is pretty low level hacking type stuff, so it's not entirely intuitive, and you shouldn't feel bad about taking a while to troubleshoot something. It happens to all of us.
All the best,
Zoe.